10+ Popular Goat Breeds for Farms and Homesteads in 2024

Did you know that there are over 300 distinct breeds of goats worldwide? That’s right!

These versatile and charming animals have been domesticated for centuries, serving various purposes, from milk and meat production to fiber and companionship.

Whether you’re a seasoned farmer or a budding homesteader, choosing the right goat breed can make all the difference in your agricultural journey.

In this article, we’ll explore ten popular goat breeds that are making waves, helping you find the perfect match for your farm or homestead!

Get ready to dive into the wonderful world of goats!

Dairy Goat Breeds

When I first decided to get into dairy goating, I had no idea what I was getting myself into! Sure, I’d grown up around farm animals, but goats? They were a whole different ballgame.

1. Nubian goats: Known for their high-butterfat milk

After building my goat pen and doing some research, I settled on getting a couple of Nubian goats to start with.

Why Nubians, you ask?

Well, I’d read that they were known for their high-butterfat milk, which was true! Nubian goat milk is creamy and sweet, nothing like the store-bought stuff. It typically contains around 4.8% to 5% butterfat. 

But let me tell you, those Nubians were also known for something else: their voices! They’re loud, which my neighbors haven’t been too thrilled about.

2. Alpine goats: Excellent milk producers with a calm temperament

After a few months of dealing with my noisy Nubians, I decided to branch out.

I’d heard good things about Alpine goats, so I thought I’d give them a try! Turns out, that was one of the best decisions I ever made.

Alpines are excellent milk producers, and their calmer and friendly temperament was a welcome change from my drama queen Nubians. They can produce an average of 1 gallon (about 3.8 liters) of milk daily, with high producers yielding up to 7.5 to 11 liters daily.

I’m not saying Alpines are perfect. They can be a bit stubborn sometimes, and they’re pretty good at finding weak spots in fences. But overall, they’ve been a dream to work with!

Their milk is delicious, too! It’s not quite as rich as Nubian milk (Alpine goat milk only has an average fat content of 3.5%), but it’s still much better than anything you’d find in a grocery store.

3. LaMancha goats: Distinctive earless appearance & sweet milk

As I got more into the dairy goat world, I started hearing about LaMancha goats.

At first, I thought people were pulling my leg. A goat with no ears? Come on!

But nope! They’re real, and they’re actually pretty cool.

I picked up a couple of LaManchas at a livestock auction, and they’ve been a great addition to my little herd! They’re really gentle compared to my other goats.

LaManchas are known for their sweet milk, and in my experience, that’s spot on. It’s not as high in butterfat as Nubian milk, but it’s got a really nice, mild flavor that’s great for drinking and cheesemaking.

Plus, their earless appearance is a great conversation starter when people visit the farm!

4. Saanen goats: “Queen of Dairy Goats” with high milk yields

I can’t talk about dairy goat breeds without mentioning Saanens! They are often called the “Queen of Dairy Goats,” and for good reason. They have a calm temperament and are easy to handle, making them popular among homesteaders and hobbyists.

Originating from the Saanen Valley in Switzerland, they’re big, white, and boy, can they produce milk! The amount of milk they produce is pretty impressive. On average, they produce 1,134 to 1,360+ liters per lactation.

While their milk production is high, it’s worth noting that Saanen milk typically has a lower butterfat content compared to some other breeds, usually ranging from 2.5% to 3.5%. However, this lower fat content can be advantageous if you want a lower-fat milk option.

One thing to keep in mind with Saanens, though, is that they need a lot of food to keep up with all that milk production. Don’t be surprised about the high feed bill, but the milk yield will be worth it!

Meat Goat Breeds

Allow me to tell you about my adventures in the world of meat goats! It’s been quite a ride, and I’ve learned more than I ever thought possible about these fascinating creatures.

5. Boer goats: Rapid growth & excellent meat quality

When I started out with meat goats, I got Boer goats because everyone said they were the best. And let me tell you, they weren’t wrong!

Boer goats are like the bodybuilders of the goat world. These guys grow fast and pack on muscle like nobody’s business!

I remember the first time I saw a full-grown Boer buck—I was honestly a little intimidated. They’re big and stocky, and their massive horns make them look pretty darn impressive!

But here’s the thing about Boers—they can be a bit high-maintenance. They’re not exactly pampered princesses, but they need a fair bit of care to reach their full potential.

I learned that lesson the hard way when I tried to raise them on just pasture. Spoiler alert: it didn’t work out great.

If you want those big, meaty carcasses, you gotta put in the work with proper feeding and care!

6. Kiko goats: Hardy & low-maintenance meat producers

After a couple of years with the Boers, I decided to branch out and try some Kiko goats.

Kikos are a whole different ball game. These guys are like the tough, no-nonsense cousins of the Boers. They’re hardy and can thrive on pretty much anything!

But I must admit, when I first got my Kikos, I was a bit skeptical. They didn’t look as muscular as my Boers, and I was worried about their meat production. But man, was I in for a surprise!

These goats gained weight on what seemed like thin air and brush! They have pretty impressive growth rates, averaging daily weight gains of 0.2 up to 0.4 pounds per day under optimal conditions.

They also rarely got sick, and when they did, they bounced back quick! I can see why people call them “low-maintenance” meat producers.

7. Spanish goats: Adaptable & disease-resistant

Moving on to Spanish goats. I picked up a few of these on a whim at a local auction, and they’ve been an interesting addition to my herd.

Spanish goats are survivors. They’re tough, adaptable, and seem to laugh in the face of disease.

I remember one particularly nasty year when many goats in the area got sick. My Spanish goats? They just kept on trucking like nothing was wrong!

They’re not as meaty as the Boers or as efficient as the Kikos, but their hardiness makes up for it. Plus, they’ve got this wild, almost primitive look that I find pretty cool.

8. Myotonic (Fainting) goats: Unique muscle structure & lean meat

And then there’s the Myotonic goats, also known as Fainting goats.

These guys are just plain fun! The first time I saw one “faint,” I nearly fell over myself!

Of course, it’s not really fainting—it’s a genetic condition called myotonia congenita that causes their muscles to freeze up when they’re startled. But it sure looks like fainting, and it never gets old!

But Myotonic goats aren’t just a novelty act. They’ve got some serious benefits as meat goats.

They’ve got a meat-to-bone ratio of 4:1 (significantly higher than other breeds), and they tend to produce really lean meat. And let me tell you, that meat is delicious! It’s got a mild flavor that even people who swear they don’t like goat meat often enjoy.

Dual-Purpose Goat Breeds

Moving on to dual-purpose goats! When I first got into goats, I was torn between wanting milk production and meat production. These dual-purpose breeds have been a game-changer!

9. Nigerian Dwarf goats: Compact size with surprisingly high milk production

When I first heard about Nigerian Dwarf goats, I was skeptical. I mean, how much milk could a goat the size of a large dog possibly produce? Turns out, it’s more than you would think!

First of all, Nigerian Dwarfs are so darn cute. I almost felt bad about planning to milk them.

But then milking season came around, and holy smokes! These little powerhouses were putting out milk like nobody’s business. Nigerian Dwarf goats can produce up to 2 liters (approximately half a gallon) of milk per day under optimal conditions.

And not just any milk! We’re talking creamy, high-butterfat milk that made the most amazing cheese I’ve ever tasted. Their milk averages around 6.5%!

Because they’re so small, Nigerian Dwarfs are perfect for smaller homesteads or even large backyards. You can keep a couple in your suburban backyard and your neighbors won’t even know they’re there! Talk about stealth milk production.

However, they’re not perfect. Their small size means you’re not gonna get a ton of meat off them if you decide to go that route. But for a family looking for a steady supply of milk without having to deal with full-sized dairy goats, Nigerians are hard to beat!

10. Oberhasli goats: Versatile Swiss breed for both milk & meat

Then there’s the Oberhasli goats. Where do I even start with these Swiss beauties?

Oberhaslis have a gorgeous reddish-brown color with distinctive black markings. But looks aren’t everything, right? Well, turns out Oberhaslis have the goods to back up their good looks.

Their milk production is impressive, with a rich, sweet flavor (similar to cow’s milk) that’s great for drinking and cheesemaking. They can produce an average of 2,256 pounds of milk over a 302-day period, with some exceptional does producing up to 4,665 pounds in 304 days.

When it comes time to cull the herd, Oberhasli wethers (castrated males) provide a decent amount of lean, mild-flavored meat.

But what really sold me on Oberhaslis is their temperament. These goats are smart, gentle, and just a joy to be around!

It’s not uncommon for them to basically become the family pet. They’ll follow you around the farm like a dog and be eager for milking!

However, one thing to keep in mind with Oberhaslis is they can be a bit opinionated. They’re not aggressive or anything, but they definitely let you know when they’re not happy about something.

11. Pygmy Goats

Then there are Pygmy goats. Where do I even begin with these little charmers?

Pygmies are small, sturdy, and have a coat of all different colors (black, brown, and white). But don’t let their size fool you; these goats are full of personality!

While they’re not known for heavy milk production like some of their larger cousins, Pygmy goats do produce a surprising amount of rich milk for their size.

On average, a Pygmy doe can yield about 1 to 2 quarts of milk daily over a lactation period of approximately 120 to 180 days. This milk is high in butterfat (4.5% to over 11%), making it rich and perfect for cheese and ice cream! Though they’re not typically raised for meat, their well-muscled bodies provide some meat, which can be a bonus for hobby farmers.

What I really love about Pygmies is their playful nature. These goats are lively, curious, and absolutely hilarious to watch as they bounce around the yard. They’re social, love being around people, and can become quite the little entertainers.

Remember, their mischievous streak can mean they’re always getting into something—so be ready to goat-proof your fences!

Fiber Goat Breeds

Fiber goats: now there’s a topic that’s close to my heart (and my wardrobe!)

When I first got into goat farming, I was all about milk and meat. But then I discovered fiber goats, and it’s been one heck of a journey!

12. Angora goats: Prized for their luxurious mohair fiber

Angora goats are these fluffy little clouds on legs. The first time I saw an Angora in full fleece, I thought someone had stuck a sheep’s body on a goat’s head! Their long, silky mohair fiber is just incredible.

However, these goats require some serious TLC. Their fleece needs regular grooming to prevent matting, and don’t even get me started on shearing in spring and fall. That’s an art in itself!

But once I got my first batch of mohair cleaned and processed, it was all worth it. The stuff is like liquid silver. It’s extremely soft and lustrous and it takes dye beautifully.

I’ve gotten into spinning my own yarn (another learning curve), and the sweaters I’ve made from my Angoras’ fiber are the warmest, softest things you can imagine!

13. Cashmere goats: Producers of the highly sought-after cashmere wool

Cashmere goats are a whole different ballgame.

When most people think of cashmere, they think of fancy scarves and sweaters with expensive price tags. What they don’t realize is that cashmere comes from goats!

Cashmere goats are not as flashy as the Angoras, but don’t let their scruffy appearance fool you! These goats produce some of the most luxurious fiber you can imagine.

The thing about Cashmere goats is that they don’t produce nearly as much fiber as Angoras. We’re talking ounces per goat, not pounds.

And collecting it? That’s been an adventure.

Unlike Angoras, you don’t shear Cashmere goats. Instead, you comb or pluck the fine undercoat when they start to shed in the spring. It’s painstaking work, but man, the results are worth it!

The first time I felt cleaned and processed cashmere from my own goats, I finally understood why this stuff is so prized. It’s like touching a cloud: impossibly soft and light! It’s also significantly warmer and lighter than sheep’s wool and comes in a variety of colors: white, cream, brown, gray, and charcoal.

Characteristics to Consider When Choosing a Goat Breed

When I first started looking into getting goats, I thought it’d be simple. Just pick a cute one and go, right? Wrong!

It turns out that choosing the right goat breed is like picking out a car. There’s a whole lot more to consider than just how it looks!

Size & space requirements

Before getting too far ahead of yourself and purchasing your first goat, always consider the size of the goat and how much space you actually have. The last thing you’ll want is a little backyard setup that is not prepared for some hefty goats!

Here’s my rule of thumb:

• Each pair of goats should ideally have at least 15 square feet of space to move around comfortably. 
• For indoor spaces, they need 20-30 square feet each, while bucks require about 100 square feet.

You’ll also want to think about fencing and shelter. Goats are known for their ability to escape, so strong fencing is an absolute necessary! You can get woven wire or cattle panels, and the fencing should be at least 6 feet high to prevent jumping. 

Additionally, goats need shelter that protects them from the elements. A simple three-sided shed is often sufficient.

Last but certainly not least, it’s crucial to check local regulations regarding livestock. Some areas may have restrictions on keeping goats due to size or weight limitations.

Milk production capacity

Then there’s milk production. If you’re getting into dairy goats, this is huge!

Different breeds have varying milk production capacities:

• Nigerian Dwarf: At least a quart per milking, up to half a gallon daily.
• Nubian: About a gallon per day on average.
• Saanen: Can produce up to 2-3 gallons but averages 1.5 gallons per day.
• Alpine: Average is around one gallon daily, but some can produce 2-3 gallons.

Consider how much milk your dairy goat produces and whether you can actually use it. Otherwise, you’ll end up with a fridge full of spoiled milk!

Climate adaptability

Climate adaptability is another big thing to consider.

For example, Angoras are not ideal if you live in a humid area. They struggle with moisture, and their fluffy coats get matted and mildewy.

In this case, switch to hardier local crosses. They’ll thrive in the same conditions!

Here are some of my favorite climate-adapted breeds:

• Boer and Nubian goats are known for their heat tolerance, making them suitable for warmer climates.
• Spanish goats are hardy in various climates and can adapt to different terrains.
• Kiko goats, developed in New Zealand, are known for their ability to thrive in harsh environments.

Regardless of the breed, provide adequate shelter, water, and care to manage different climates.

Temperament & ease of handling

Don’t even get me started on temperament! Some bucks can be a real piece of work.

Alpine bucks tend to be sweet and easy to manage. They’ll follow me around like a puppy, always eager to please. Meanwhile, Nubians have some vocal tendencies and aren’t the best choice for a quiet suburban backyard.

The right goat breed for you is the one that fits your lifestyle, your space, and your goals. If you make a mistake, that’s just part of the adventure!

Care Requirements for Different Goat Breeds

When it comes to caring for goats, not all goats are the same. Each breed has its own quirks and needs!

Nutritional needs: Grazing vs. supplemental feed

Regarding nutritional needs, you can’t just let goats roam around the pasture and leave it at that.

This is particularly true for high-producing dairy breeds like Alpines and Saanens. They will need more than just grass to keep up their milk production! I give mine supplemental feed to maintain milk production and body condition.

On the other hand, meat goats are a whole different story. Some hardy breeds can thrive on brush and weeds alone, while others are more high-maintenance. They need their grain and it on time, or all hell breaks loose!

Supplemental feeding is often necessary to meet goats’ nutritional requirements:

• Protein: Goats need a minimum of 7% dietary crude protein for normal rumen function. This requirement increases for growing kids, pregnant does, and lactating does.
• Energy: Energy requirements vary based on the goat’s physiological state. Lactating has the highest energy demand.
• Minerals: Goats require both macro and micro minerals, which may not be adequately supplied by pasture alone.

While some goats can thrive on pasture alone, many will benefit from or require supplemental feeding to meet their nutritional needs. This is especially true for high-producing dairy goats and those in certain life stages or environmental conditions.

Housing & shelter considerations

When it comes to housing and shelter, it’s not one-size-fits-all either!

My hardy meat goats are pretty good with a basic three-sided shelter. But my dairy goats? They act like they’re at a five-star resort!

You’ll want to provide your dairy goats with a particularly warm, dry, and clean shelter. This is especially important during winter months and kidding season.

Here are my top recommendations for adequate dairy goat housing:

• It should keep your goats dry and protected from drafts, as they are vulnerable to respiratory infections in wet and drafty conditions.
• Proper ventilation is crucial to prevent condensation and maintain air quality.
• The shelter should provide adequate space – about 10-15 square feet of bedded area per adult goat, plus additional space for exercise.
• A clean, dry area for milking is necessary, often with a milking stand.

The goal is to provide appropriate shelter that meets the specific needs of the goat breed and supports their health and productivity.

Health management & common issues

Health management is another fun rollercoaster. Each breed seems to have its own Achilles’ heel.

All of my goats, particularly my fiber goats, are prone to parasites. Meanwhile, my dairy goats are more susceptible to mastitis.

Here’s how I manage parasites among my goats:

1. I use targeted selective treatment based on fecal egg counts or FAMACHA scoring to identify and treat only heavily parasitized animals.
2. Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) is the current best practice, which includes:
   • Avoiding overstocking and overgrazing.
   • Resting pastures.
   • Enabling browsing.
   • Practicing good sanitation.
   • Selecting goats more resistant to parasites.

And here are my recommendations for effectively managing your goat’s health:

1. Implement biosecurity measures to prevent disease introduction.
2. Maintain clean, dry living environments.
3. Provide quality nutrition and clean water.
4. Establish a vaccination program in consultation with a veterinarian.
5. Regularly trim hooves and monitor for foot problems.
6. Work closely with a veterinarian to develop appropriate health protocols for your herd.

While different breeds may have some predispositions, good health management practices are essential for all goats, regardless of their purpose.

Read more: 6 Easy Ways to Prevent and Treat Mites on Goats

Breeding & kidding practices

When it comes to breeding and kidding practices, my dairy goats generally have more predictable breeding patterns:

• Alpines, LaManchas, Nubians, and Saanens have relatively consistent milk production averages.
• Most dairy goat breeds are seasonal breeders, with breeding occurring from late summer through early winter.
• They typically have an 18-21 day estrus cycle.
• The gestation period for dairy goats is about five months (145-155 days).

But even within dairy breeds, there can be variations:

• Individual goats may still have slight variations in their cycles and gestation periods.
• Some breeds, like Nigerian Dwarf goats, can breed year-round.

Breeding practices for meat goats may vary depending on the breed and management goals. Some breeds may have different seasonal breeding patterns compared to dairy goats. Proper nutrition and management can help regulate breeding cycles in both types of goats.

Here’s how you can optimize breeding for any goat type:

1. Monitor heat cycles carefully.
2. Ensure proper nutrition before and during breeding.
3. Plan breeding to avoid extreme weather conditions for kidding.
4. Consider the age and weight of does before breeding.

Goat Breed Associations & Resources

Having the right resources can make or break your goat-raising adventure. Here are my top recommendations:

• American Dairy Goat Association: These folks are like the goat gurus of the dairy world. They’ve got a massive database of goat pedigrees, which can really come in handy if you’re trying to improve your herd’s genetics. They’ve been operating since 1904 and are considered the most trusted dairy goat registry in the United States!
• The American Goat Society (AGS): Founded in 1935, the AGS is another important registry for dairy goats. It offers services similar to ADGA and accepts registrations for purebred animals.
• American Boer Goat Association: These are the folks you want to talk to if you’re into meat goats, particularly the Boer breed.
• The Livestock Conservancy: This is another goldmine of information, especially if you’re into heritage breeds.
• Local extension offices: These places are like the unsung heroes of agriculture. If you’re dealing with parasites, the agents will go so far as to identify the specific parasite and develop a management plan for free!
• Goat farming communities: These folks are the real MVPs. Facebook is a great place to join these local groups. It’s great for borrowing bucks for breeding and asking questions to like-minded folks!

Here’s my advice: join the associations, read everything you can, and don’t be afraid to ask for help. But also, don’t forget to listen to your goats. They’ve usually got a pretty good idea of what they need!

Which Goat Breeds Will You Be Adding To Your Herd?

There you have it! A comprehensive look at some of the most popular goat breeds for farms and homesteads!

Whether you’re after creamy milk, tender meat, luxurious fiber, or adorable companions, there’s a goat breed out there that’s perfect for you.

Remember: the key to successful goat farming lies in choosing the right breed and providing your new friends proper care, nutrition, and love.

Why not take the leap and bring some of these amazing animals into your life? Your farm or homestead will thank you!

Check out my other lists of animal breeds!

• 12 of My Favorite Cow Breeds for Homesteaders (w/ Pictures)
• Chicken Breeds: Types of Chickens from A-Z (Complete List)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the most common goat breed?

The Nubian goat is widely recognized as the most common goat breed (particularly in the United States) due to its popularity in milk and meat production. Known for their distinctive long floppy ears and high butterfat milk, Nubians are also noted for their vocal nature and friendly temperament, making them a favorite among goat enthusiasts.

What is the friendliest breed of goat?

The friendliest breeds of goats are often considered to be Nigerian Dwarf and Pygmy goats. These goats are known for their affectionate and playful nature, making them popular choices as pets. LaMancha goats are also recognized for their gentle demeanor and easygoing personality, contributing to their reputation as friendly companions.

What is the easiest goat to own?

The Nigerian Dwarf goat is often considered the easiest goat to own, especially for beginners. This is due to its manageable size, friendly nature, and relatively low maintenance. Another great option is the LaMancha goat, known for its calm temperament and adaptability, making it suitable for various environments and easy to handle.

Which breed of goat is best for meat?

The Boer goat is widely regarded as the best breed for meat production due to its exceptional growth rates, high meat-to-bone ratio, and superior carcass quality. Other notable breeds include Kiko (known for its hardiness and adaptability) and Spanish goats (valued for their ability to thrive in rugged environments and produce flavorful meat).